Kybernetika 62 no. 2, 163-189, 2026

Migrativity of continuous t-conorms with respect to ordinal sum implications

Xinxin Yan and Hongjun ZhouDOI: 10.14736/kyb-2026-2-0163

Abstract:

The topic of migrativity among aggregation functions is of significant interest from both theoretical and practical perspectives within the field of fuzzy set theory. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of characterizations in the existing literature concerning the migrativity of ordinal sum implications, especially when the ordinal summands are positioned along the major diagonal line of $[0,1]^{2}$, and this area has not been thoroughly investigated. The present paper aims to fill this gap by conducting a detailed study on the migrativity of t-conorms with respect to ordinal sum implications. We provide the structural solutions to the migrative functional equation for t-conorms with respect to ordinal sum implications, which depend on the position of parameter $\alpha$ within the range of natural negation $N$. The characterizations under which t-conorms are $\alpha$-migrative with respect to ordinal sum implications are obtained by presenting ordinal sum representations of the underlying functions.

Keywords:

T-conorm, Migrativity, Ordinal sum implication

Classification:

03B52, 03E72

References:

  1. J. Aczél: Lectures on Functional Equations and Their Applications. Academic Press, New York 1966.   CrossRef
  2. J. Aczél, V. D. Belousov and M. Hosszú: Generalized associativity and bisymmetry on quasigroups. Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hung. 11 (1963), 127-136.   DOI:10.1007/bf02020630
  3. C. Alsina, M. J. Frank and B. Schweizer: Associative Functions: Triangular Norms and Copulas. World Scientific, New Jersey 2006.   CrossRef
  4. M. Baczyński and B. Jayaram: Fuzzy Implications. Springer, Berlin 2008.   CrossRef
  5. M. Baczyński, P. Drygás, A. Król and R. Mesiar: New types of ordinal sum of fuzzy implications. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Naples, Italy. (2017) 1-6.   DOI:10.1109/FUZZ-IEEE.2017.8015700
  6. M. Baczyński, P. Drygás, A. Król and P. Pusz: Developing idea of ordinal sum of fuzzy implications. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), Glasgow, UK (2020) 1-7.   DOI:10.1109/FUZZ48607.2020.9177744
  7. M. Baczyński, B. Jayaram and R. Mesiar: Fuzzy implication: alpha migrativity and generalised laws of importation. Inf. Sci. 531 (2020), 87-96.   DOI:10.1016/j.ins.2020.04.033
  8. R. Bělohlávek: Fuzzy Relational Systems: Foundations and Principles. Springer New York, NY 2002.   DOI:10.1007/978-1-4615-0633-1
  9. H. Bustince, B. De Baets, J. Fernandez, R. Mesiar and J. Montero: A generalization of the migrativity property of aggregation functions. Inf. Sci. 191 (2012), 76-85.   DOI:10.1016/j.ins.2011.12.019
  10. H. Bustince, J. Montero and R. Mesiar: Migrativity of aggregation functions. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 160 (2009), 766-777.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2008.09.018
  11. Q. Chang, H. Zhou and M. Baczyński: Characterizations for the migrativity of uninorms over N-ordinal sum implications. Comput. Appl. Math. 42 (172) (2023), 1-38.   DOI:10.1007/s40314-023-02319-5
  12. P. Cintula, P. Hájek and C. Noguera: Handbook of Mathematical Fuzzy Logic. College Publications, London 2011.   CrossRef
  13. A. H. Clifford: Naturally totally ordered commutative semigroups. Amer. J. Math. 76 (1954), 631-646.   DOI:10.2307/2372706
  14. E. Cox: The Fuzzy Systems Handbook: A Practitioner's Guide to Building, Using, and Maintaining Fuzzy Systems. Academic Press Professional, Inc. 1994.   DOI:10.5860/choice.32-0975
  15. V. Cutello and J. Montero: Recursive connective rules. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 14 (1999), 3-20.   CrossRef
  16. B. De Baets, E. Kerre and M. Gupta: The fundamentals of fuzzy mathematical morphology part 2: idempotence, convexity and decomposition. Int. J. Gen. Syst. 23 (1995), 307-322.   DOI:10.1080/03081079508908045
  17. A. Di Nola, S. Sessa, W. Pedrycz and E. Sánchez: Fuzzy Relation Equations and Their Applications to Knowledge Engineering. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Kluwer 1989.   DOI:10.1007/978-94-017-1650-5
  18. P. Drygás and A. Król: Two constructions of ordinal sums of fuzzy implications. In: Uncertainty and Imprecision in Decision Making and Decision Support: Cross-Fertilization, New Models and Applications, IWIFSGN 2016. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, (K.T. Atanassov, ed.) Springer, Berlin, Germany, (2018) 102-111.   CrossRef
  19. D. Dubois and H. Prade: Fuzzy sets in approximate reasoning, Part I: inference with possibility distributions. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 40 (1991), 143-202.   DOI:10.1016/0165-0114(91)90050-z
  20. D. Dubois, J. Lang and H. Prade: Fuzzy sets in approximate reasoning, Part II: logical approaches. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 40 (1991), 203-244.   DOI:10.1016/0165-0114(91)90051-Q
  21. F. Durante, J. Fernández-Sánchez. and J. J. Quesada-Molina: On the $\alpha$-migrativity of multivariate semi-copulas. Inf. Sci. 187 (2012), 216-223.   DOI:10.1016/j.ins.2011.10.026
  22. X. Fang and K. Zhu: Characterizations on the cross-migrativity between uni-nullnorms (null-uninorms) and overlap (grouping) functions. Comput. Appl. Math. 44 (2025), 147.   DOI:10.1007/s40314-025-03114-0
  23. X. Fang and K. Zhu: A note on the cross-migrativity between uninorms and overlap (grouping) functions. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 499 (2025), 109190.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2024.109190
  24. F. Durante and P. Sarkoci: A note on the convex combinations of triangular norms. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 159 (2008), 77-80.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2007.07.005
  25. J. Fodor, E. P. Klement and R. Mesiar: Cross-migrative triangular norms. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 27 (2012), 411-428.   DOI:10.1002/int.21526
  26. S. Gottwald: A Treatise on Many-Valued Logic. Research studies press LTD 2001.   DOI:10.1007/s11229-021-03268-4
  27. S. Jenei: On the convex combination of left-continuous t-norms. Aequ. Math. 72 (2006), 47-59.   DOI:10.1007/s00010-006-2840-z
  28. E. Kerre, C. Huang and D. Ruan: Fuzzy Set Theory and Approximate Reasoning. Wu Han University Press, Wu Chang 2004.   CrossRef
  29. E. Kerre and M. Nachtegael: Fuzzy Techniques in Image Processing. Springer-Verlag, New York 2000.   CrossRef
  30. E. P. Klement, R. Mesiar and E. Pap: Triangular Norms. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht 2000.   CrossRef
  31. G. Li and H.-W. Liu: Some results on the convex combination of uninorms. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 372 (2019) 50-61.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2018.09.004
  32. S. Liang and X.-P. Wang: On the migrativity of 2-uninorms. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 472 (2023), 108703.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2023.108703
  33. C. Lopez-Molina, B. De Bates, H. Bustince, E. Induráin, A. Stup\u{n}anová and R. Mesiar: Bimigrativity of binary aggregation functions. Inf. Sci. 274 (2014), 225-235.   DOI:10.1016/j.ins.2014.02.119
  34. Y. Luo and K. Zhu: Characterizations for the cross-migrativity between overlap functions and commutative aggregation functions. Inf. Sci. 622 (2023), 303-318.   DOI:10.1016/j.ins.2022.11.122
  35. M. Mas, M. Monserrat, D. Ruiz-Aguilera and J. Torrens: An extension of the migrative property for uninorms. Inf. Sci. 246 (2013), 191-198.   DOI:10.1016/j.ins.2013.05.024
  36. S. Massanet, J. V. Riera and J. Torrens: A new look on the ordinal sum of fuzzy implication functions. In: Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems. IPMU 2016. Communications in Computer and Information Science, (J. Carvalho, M. J. Lesot, U. Kaymak, S. Vieira, B. Bouchon-Meunier, R. Yager, ed.), Springer, Cham. (2016) 399-410.   CrossRef
  37. R. Mesiar and V. Novák: Open problems from the 2nd International Conference on Fuzzy Sets Theory and Its Applications. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 81 (1996), 185-190.   DOI:10.1016/0165-0114(95)00209-X
  38. R. Mesiar, H. Bustince and J. Fernandez: On the $\alpha$-migrativity of semicopulas, quasi-copulas, and copulas. Inf. Sci. 246 (2010), 1967-1976.   DOI:10.1016/j.ins.2010.01.024
  39. J. Montero, D. Gómez and S. Muñoz: Fuzzy information representation for decision aiding. In: Proceedings of IPMU 08, (L. Magdalena, M. Ojeda-Aciego, J. L. VerdegayMálaga ed.), Spain, Torremolinos (Malaga) (2008) 1425-1430.   CrossRef
  40. H. T. Nguyen and M. Sugeno: Fuzzy Systems: Modeling and Control. Springer, New York 1998.   CrossRef
  41. Y. Ouyang: Generalizing the migrativity of continuous t-norms. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 211 (2013), 73-83.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2012.03.008
  42. Y. Ouyang, J. Fang and G. Li: On the convex combination of $T_{D}$ and continuous triangular norms. Inf. Sci. 177 (2007), 2945-2953.   DOI:10.1016/j.ins.2007.01.023
  43. D. Pan, H. Zhou and X. Yan: Characterizations for the migrativity of continuous t-conorms over fuzzy implications. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 456 (2023), 173-196.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2022.04.006
  44. J. Qiao and B. Q. Hu: On generalized migrativity property for overlap functions. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 357 (2019), 91-116.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2018.01.007
  45. Y. Su, A. Xie and H. -W. Liu: On ordinal sum implications. Inf. Sci. 293 (2015), 251-262.   DOI:10.1016/j.ins.2014.09.021
  46. Y. Su, W. Zong, H.-W. Liu and P. Xue: Migrativity property for uninorms and semi t-operators. Inf. Sci. 325 (2015), 455-465.   DOI:10.1016/j.ins.2015.07.030
  47. C. Wang, L. Wan and B. Zhang: Notes on alpha-cross-migrativity of t-conorms over fuzzy implications. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 473 (2023), 108741.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2023.108741
  48. W. Wang and K. Zhu: The necessary and sufficient conditions for bimigrativity of uninorms over overlap functions. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 507 (2025), 109319.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2025.109319
  49. L. Wu and Y. Ouyang: On the migrativity of triangular subnorms. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 226 (2013), 89-98.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2012.12.013
  50. X. Yan and H. Zhou: Migrativity properties of general grouping (overlap) functions with respect to null-norms. Comput. Appl. Math. 43 (251) (2024), 1-23.   DOI:10.1007/s40314-024-02759-7
  51. X. Zeng and K. Zhu: On the migrativity properties between uni-nullnorms and overlap (grouping) functions. Soft Comput. 28 (2024), 7671-7685.   DOI:10.1007/s00500-024-09759-z
  52. H. Zhan and H.-W. Liu: The cross-migrative property for uninorms. Aequ. Math. 90 (2016), 1219-1239.   DOI:10.1007/s00010-016-0437-8
  53. T. Zhang, K. Zhu, J. Wang and D. Pan: Characterizations of some classes of generated implication solutiond to the cross-migrativity. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 511 (2025), 109375.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2025.109375
  54. H. Zhou and X. Yan: Migrativity properties of overlap functions over uninorms. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 403 (2021), 10-37.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2019.11.011
  55. H. Zhou: Two general construction ways toward unified framework of ordinal sums of fuzzy implications. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 29 (4) (2021), 846-860.   DOI:10.1109/TFUZZ.2020.2966154
  56. H. Zhou: Probabilistially Quantitative Logic and its Applications. Science Press, Beijing 2015.   CrossRef
  57. H. Zhou, Q. Chang and M. Baczyński: Characterizations on migrativity of continuous triangular conorms with respect to $N$-ordinal sum implications. Inf. Sci. 637 (2023), 118926.   DOI:10.1016/j.ins.2023.04.005
  58. K. Zhu, J. Wang and Y. Yang: Migrative uninorms and nullnorms over t-norms and t-conorms revisited. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 423 (2021), 74-88.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2020.10.009
  59. K. Zhu, J. Wang and Y. Yang: Some new results on the migrativity of uninorms over overlap and grouping functions. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 427 (2022), 55-70.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2020.11.015
  60. K. Zhu and B. Q. Hu: Addendum to "On the migrativity of uninorms and nullnorms over overlap and grouping functions'' [Fuzzy Sets Syst. 346 (2018) 1-54]. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 386 (2020), 48-59.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2019.05.001
  61. K. Zhu, J. Wang and Y. Yang: A short note on the migrativity properties of overlap functions over uninorms. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 414 (2021), 135-145.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2020.06.011
  62. K. Zhu, X. Zeng and J. Qiao: On the cross-migrativity between uninorms and overlap (grouping) functions. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 451 (2022), 113-129.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2022.10.009
  63. W. Zong, Y. Su and H.-W. Liu: Migrative property for nullnorms. Int. J. Unc. Fuzz. Knowl. Based Syst. 22 (5) (2014), 749-759.   DOI:10.1142/S021848851450038X