Kybernetika 52 no. 6, 929-942, 2016

Caristi's fixed point theorem and its equivalences in fuzzy metric spaces

Naser Abbasi and Hamid Mottaghi GolshanDOI: 10.14736/kyb-2016-6-0929

Abstract:

In this article, we extend Caristi's fixed point theorem, Ekeland's variational principle and Takahashi's maximization theorem to fuzzy metric spaces in the sense of George and Veeramani [A. George , P. Veeramani, On some results in fuzzy metric spaces, Fuzzy Sets and Systems. 64 (1994) 395-399]. Further, a direct simple proof of the equivalences among these theorems is provided.

Keywords:

fuzzy metric space, Ekeland variational principle, Caristi's fixed point theorem, Takahashi's maximization theorem

Classification:

47H10, 58E30

References:

  1. I. Altun and D. Mihet: Ordered non-archimedean fuzzy metric spaces and some fixed point results. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2010, Art. ID 782680, 11 pp.   DOI:10.1155/2010/782680
  2. J.-P. Aubin: Optima and equilibria. An introduction to nonlinear analysis. Translated from the French by Stephen Wilson. Second edition. Springer-Verlag, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 149, Berlin 1998.   CrossRef
  3. J. S. Bae, E. W. Cho and S. H. Yeom: A generalization of the {C}aristi-{K}irk fixed point theorem and its applications to mapping theorems. J. Korean Math. Soc. 31 (1994), 1, 29-48.   CrossRef
  4. S. Banach: Sur les opérations dans les ensembles abstraits et leur application aux équations intégrales. Fundamenta Mathematicae 3 (1922), 1, 133-181.   CrossRef
  5. A. Brøndsted: Fixed points and partial orders. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 60 (1976), 365-366.   DOI:10.1090/s0002-9939-1976-0417867-x
  6. F. E. Browder: On a theorem of {C}aristi and {K}irk. In: Proc. Sem. Fixed point theory and its applications {D}alhousie {U}niv., {H}alifax, 1975), Academic Press, New York 1976, pp. 23-27.   CrossRef
  7. J. Caristi: Fixed point theorems for mappings satisfying inwardness conditions. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 215 (1976), 241-251.   DOI:10.1090/s0002-9947-1976-0394329-4
  8. J. Caristi and W. A. Kirk: Geometric fixed point theory and inwardness conditions. In: Proc. Conf. The geometry of metric and linear spaces, {M}ichigan {S}tate {U}niv., {E}ast {L}ansing 1974), Lecture Notes in Math. 490, Springer, Berlin 1975, pp. 74-83.   DOI:10.1007/bfb0081133
  9. S. S. Chang and Q. Luo: Caristi's fixed point theorem for fuzzy mappings and {E}keland's variational principle. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 64 (1994), 1, 119-125.   DOI:10.1016/0165-0114(94)90014-0
  10. I. Ekeland: Sur les problèmes variationnels. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. A-B 275 (1972), A1057-A1059.   CrossRef
  11. I. Ekeland: On the variational principle. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 47 (1974), 324-353.   DOI:10.1016/0022-247x(74)90025-0
  12. I. Ekeland: Nonconvex minimization problems. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 1 (1979), 3, 443-474.   DOI:10.1090/s0273-0979-1979-14595-6
  13. A. George and P. Veeramani: On some results in fuzzy metric spaces. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 64 (1994), 3, 395-399.   DOI:10.1016/0165-0114(94)90162-7
  14. A. George and P. Veeramani: Some theorems in fuzzy metric spaces. J. Fuzzy Math. 3 (1995), 4, 933-940.   CrossRef
  15. M. Grabiec: Fixed points in fuzzy metric spaces. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 27 (1988), 3, 385-389.   DOI:10.1016/0165-0114(88)90064-4
  16. V. Gregori, J.-J. Mi{ñ}ana and S. Morillas: Some questions in fuzzy metric spaces. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 204 (2012), 71-85.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2011.12.008
  17. V. Gregori, S. Morillas and A. Sapena: On a class of completable fuzzy metric spaces. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 161 (2010), 16, 2193-2205.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2010.03.013
  18. V. Gregori, S. Morillas and A. Sapena: Examples of fuzzy metrics and applications. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 170 (2011), 95-111.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2010.10.019
  19. V. Gregori and S. Romaguera: On completion of fuzzy metric spaces. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 130 (2002), 3, 399-404.   DOI:10.1016/s0165-0114(02)00115-x
  20. V. Gregori and S. Romaguera: Characterizing completable fuzzy metric spaces. Fuzzy sets and systems 144 (2004), 3, 411-420.   DOI:10.1016/s0165-0114(03)00161-1
  21. O. Had{ž}i{ć} and E. Pap: Fixed Point Theory in Probabilistic Metric Spaces. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Mathematics and its Applications 536, Dordrecht 2001.   DOI:10.1007/978-94-017-1560-7
  22. J. S. Jung, Y. J. Cho, S. M. Kang and S.-S. Chang: Coincidence theorems for set-valued mappings and {E}keland's variational principle in fuzzy metric spaces. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 79 (1996), 2, 239-250.   DOI:10.1016/0165-0114(95)00084-4
  23. J. S. Jung, Y. J. Cho and J. K. Kim: Minimization theorems for fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric spaces and applications. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 61 (1994), 2, 199-207.   DOI:10.1016/0165-0114(94)90234-8
  24. E. P. Klement, R. Mesiar and E. Pap: Triangular Norms. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Trends in Logic--Studia Logica Library 8, Dordrecht 2000.   DOI:10.1007/978-94-015-9540-7
  25. I. Kramosil and J. Mich{á}lek: Fuzzy metrics and statistical metric spaces. Kybernetika 11 (1975), 5, 336-344.   CrossRef
  26. G. M. Lee, B. S. Lee, J. S. Jung and S.-S. Chang: Minimization theorems and fixed point theorems in generating spaces of quasi-metric family. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 101 (1999), 1, 143-152.   DOI:10.1016/s0165-0114(97)00034-1
  27. K. Menger: Statistical metrics. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 28 (1942), 535-537.   DOI:10.1073/pnas.28.12.535
  28. V. Radu: Some remarks on the probabilistic contractions on fuzzy {M}enger spaces. Automat. Comput. Appl. Math. 11 (2003), 1, 125-131.   CrossRef
  29. J. Rodríguez-L{ó}pez and S. Romaguera: The {H}ausdorff fuzzy metric on compact sets. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 147 (2004), 2, 273 -283.   DOI:10.1016/j.fss.2003.09.007
  30. B. Schweizer and A. Sklar: Statistical metric spaces. Pacific J. Math. 10 (1960), 313-334.   DOI:10.2140/pjm.1960.10.313
  31. B. Schweizer and A. Sklar: Probabilistic metric spaces    CrossRef
  32. T. Suzuki: On {D}owning-{K}irk's theorem. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 286 (2003), 2, 453-458.   DOI:10.1016/s0022-247x(03)00470-0
  33. T. Suzuki: Generalized {C}aristi's fixed point theorems by {B}ae and others. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 302 (2005), 2, 502-508.   DOI:10.1016/j.jmaa.2004.08.019
  34. T. Suzuki and W. Takahashi: Fixed point theorems and characterizations of metric completeness. Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal. 8 (1997), 2, 371-382.   CrossRef
  35. W. Takahashi: Existence theorems generalizing fixed point theorems for multivalued mappings. In: Fixed Point Theory and Aplications {M}arseille, 1989), Pitman Res. Notes Math. Ser. 252, Longman Sci. Tech., Harlow 1991, pp. 397-406.   CrossRef
  36. W. Takahashi: Nonlinear functional analysis. Yokohama Publishers, Yokohama 2000.   CrossRef
  37. J. Zhu, C.-K. Zhong and G.-P. Wang: An extension of ekeland's variational principle in fuzzy metric space and its applications. Fuzzy Sets and Systems 108 (1999), 3, 353-363.   DOI:10.1016/s0165-0114(97)00333-3